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Track 1: Endoscopy

Track 1: Endoscopy


Endoscopy is a medical procedure that allows healthcare providers to examine the interior of the body using an instrument called an endoscope. The endoscope is a thin, flexible tube equipped with a light and a camera. The images captured by the camera are transmitted to a monitor, allowing the doctor to view the internal organs or cavities in real-time.

Purposes of Endoscopy

  • Diagnosis: To investigate symptoms like abdominal pain, bleeding, difficulty swallowing, or persistent cough.
  • Biopsy: To collect tissue samples for further examination, particularly to check for infections, inflammation, or cancer.
  • Treatment: To perform minor surgical procedures, such as removing polyps, stopping bleeding, or extracting foreign objects.

Types of Endoscopy

Endoscopy can be classified based on the area being examined:

  1. Upper Endoscopy (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy): Examines the esophagus, stomach, and upper small intestine.
  2. Colonoscopy: Inspects the large intestine (colon) and rectum.
  3. Sigmoidoscopy: Focuses on the rectum and lower part of the colon.
  4. Bronchoscopy: Looks at the airways and lungs.
  5. Cystoscopy: Examines the bladder and urinary tract.
  6. Arthroscopy: Used to view joints.
  7. Laparoscopy: Allows examination of the abdominal or pelvic cavity.
  8. Capsule Endoscopy: A small capsule with a camera is swallowed to capture images of the digestive tract.

Preparation

Preparation depends on the type of endoscopy:

  • Fasting: Required for most upper endoscopies.
  • Bowel Preparation: Colonoscopies often require laxatives to clear the bowel.
  • Sedation: Many endoscopic procedures involve sedation for patient comfort.

Risks

While generally safe, endoscopy can have risks, including:

  • Bleeding
  • Infection
  • Perforation (a small tear in the examined organ)

Endoscopy has become an essential tool in modern medicine for diagnosing and treating various conditions with minimal invasiveness.

Sub TopicDiagnostic Applications, Endoscopic ultrasound, Endoscopic polypectomy, Advances in Technology, Specialized Techniques, Safety and Patient Care, Artificial intelligence in endoscopy